wasi: accept wasm i32 pointers with high bit set

[guybedford]

Fixes: #62671
Refs: #62822

Wasm i32 arguments with the high bit set are passed to JS as negative Int32 numbers, so all WASI functions taking uint32_t pointers rejected them with EINVAL. This was hit by Rspack with WASI modules using >2GB of linear memory.

This takes the general approach suggested in #62822: CheckType<uint32_t> now accepts either Uint32 or Int32, and ConvertType<uint32_t> reinterprets a negative Int32 as uint32_t, so every WASI function is fixed rather than just clock_time_get. The fast API path already received raw uint32_t and was unaffected.

The test calls clock_time_get and args_sizes_get with pointer 0x80000000 against a 1-page memory and asserts EOVERFLOW rather than EINVAL, so no large memory allocation is needed.

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/wasi

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 66.66667% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 90.42%. Comparing base (ae5a0f4) to head (64a715b).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/node_wasi.cc	66.66%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #66636      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   92.78%   90.42%   -2.36%     
==========================================
  Files         422      791     +369     
  Lines      193692   276596   +82904     
  Branches    29881    53117   +23236     
==========================================
+ Hits       179718   250120   +70402     
- Misses      13645    16869    +3224     
- Partials      329     9607    +9278     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/node_wasi.cc	63.89% <66.66%> (ø)

... and 498 files with indirect coverage changes

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